UNHCR report shows leap in asylum applications for industrialized countries

A UNHCR report, released today, shows a sharp rise in asylum claims in 44 industrialized countries during 2013, driven primarily by the crisis in Syria.

UNHCR's Asylum Trends 2013 report says 612,700 people applied for asylum in North America, Europe, East Asia and the Pacific last year - the highest total for any year since 2001. Reflecting a shifting international dynamic Afghanistan, which in the previous two years was the world's principal country of origin for asylum-seekers, ranked third in terms of new claims behind Syria and the Russian Federation. Among the top-10 countries of origin six are currently experiencing violence or conflict - Syria, Afghanistan, Eritrea, Somalia, Iraq and Pakistan.

"There is clear evidence in these numbers of how the Syria crisis in particular is affecting countries and regions of the world far removed from the Middle East," said António Guterres, UN High Commissioner for Refugees. "This makes it all the more important that refugees and the communities receiving them are being properly and robustly supported."

For 2013, the biggest increase in asylum applicants by region was in the 38 countries of Europe which together received 484,600 claims - an increase of a third from 2012. Germany was the largest single recipient with 109,600 new asylum claims. France (60,100) and Sweden (54,300) were also major receivers. Turkey, currently the biggest refugee hosting country in Europe due to the Syria crisis (a registered Syrian refugee population of 640,889 as of 18 March) also saw 44,800 asylum claims lodged in 2013, mainly from nationals of Iraq and Afghanistan. Italy received 27,800 claims and Greece 8,200.

Among the European regions, an overall increase of 22 per cent in annual asylum levels was reported by the five Nordic countries, which received 76,400 asylum claims during 2013. The increase was uniform among all countries. Reporting the second highest level on record with 54,260 asylum applications (an increase of 24 per cent in comparison with 2012), Sweden was the main destination country, accounting for 70 per cent of all new claims registered in this region.
Norway (11,470 claims) and Denmark (7,540 claims) were other important receiving countries, with an increase of 17 and 22 per cent respectively compared to the previous year.
Finland received 3,020 asylum claims and Iceland 150 in 2013; respectively a 3 and 36 per cent rise.

However, in the Baltics, Lithuania received 280 asylum claims in 2013, a decrease of 47 per cent in comparison with 2012. Latvia, on the other hand, received 190 asylum claims, the same number as 2012. Meanwhile, Estonia received 25 per cent more than in 2012, namely 100.
 
North America received the second highest number of asylum claims, amounting to nearly 98,800 in total. Here, however, the main country of origin of applicants was China. Canada, with its recent changes in asylum policies, received some 10,400 claims - half the number seen in 2012 (20,500). The United States (88,400) has long been a leading country of asylum in industrialized countries and in 2013 was second only to Germany in the number of applications received.

In East Asia and the Pacific, both Japan (3,300) and the Republic of Korea (1,600) received record numbers of claims relative to previous years. Australia (24,300) too saw a significant rise from 2012 levels (15,800), putting it almost on par with levels seen in Italy.

Asylum-seekers arriving in industrialized countries undergo individual assessments to determine whether they qualify for refugee status. Consequently their numbers are always higher than those who eventually get accepted as refugees. For the 44 industrialized countries mentioned in the Asylum Trends report, acceptance rates vary widely and tend to be higher among people fleeing conflict. Acceptance rates for people from Syria, Eritrea, Iraq, Somalia and Afghanistan, for example are between 62 per cent and 95 per cent. Acceptance rates from nationals of the Russian Federation and Serbia [and Kosovo: Security Council resolution 1244 (1999)] are significantly lower at around 28 per cent and 5 per cent respectively.

UNHCR tracks forced displacement globally and issues a number of reports each year showing trends worldwide. The three major components of global forced displacement are internal displacement, refugee numbers, and asylum-seekers (together totaling 45.2 million people, as of data from early 2013). UNHCR's next major statistical update, the annual Global Trends Report, is due for publication in June of this year. 

Picture: © UNHCR / Asylum claims submitted in Norther Europe in 2013