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A new study show that workplaces with more opportunities for forming social ties to higher-educated co-workers raises the likelihood of upward wage mobility. Photo: Mattias Pettersson.
A new study show that workplaces with more opportunities for forming social ties to higher-educated co-workers raises the likelihood of upward wage mobility. Photo: Mattias Pettersson.

Press release -

Social ties can help increase salary for low-wage workers

New study from Umeå University show that having many social ties to highly educated colleagues increases the chances of low-wage workers getting a better paid position.

Low-wage jobs - when are they stepping-stones towards a successful career and when they become traps? A new study from Umeå University, Sweden, investigated when transitions from low-wage to better-paid jobs are more likely, and what role having highly educated colleagues may play in that process.

“In our paper, we wanted to identify workplace-specific social environments that foster transitions from low-wage to better-paid employment” says Anna Baranowska-Rataj, associate professor at the Department of Sociology and the Center for Demographic and Ageing Research at Umeå University. “Therefore, we examined what effect social ties to higher educated co-workers had on the upward pay mobility for workers who started their careers in low-earnings jobs.”

Learning from colleagues

The researchers used matched employer-employee data from Swedish registers that combined education registers, income tax registers, and social security registers. With the help of personal identity numbers and firm identity numbers they could link individuals with their employers within and across registers. Using innovative methods for prediction of social ties among co-workers, they were also able to estimate the numbers of social ties that low-wage workers have established at their workplaces. Then, the researchers assessed if social ties to higher educated co-workers could be helpful for upward wage mobility of low wage workers.

“Our analysis shows that the likelihood of moving to a better-paid job within a year is higher among the low-wage workers with a higher number of social ties to higher educated workers,” says Zoltán Elekes, research fellow at the Centre for Regional Science (CERUM) at Umeå University. “We could imagine a survey interviewer at a market research company – a typical low wage job. Even though his/her duties are relatively simple, she/he might interact with other workers at the firm quite often, especially with people who design market research surveys. This because market research companies train interviewers basically each time they start a new survey. This interaction could potentially lead to learning processes that subsequently facilitate a upward career move.”

The results confirm that having social ties to higher-educated co-workers increases individual chances of transitioning to better-paid employment.

“A workplace with more opportunities for forming social ties to higher-educated co-workers raises the likelihood of upward wage mobility,” Zoltán Elekes continues. “These effects do not vanish even after we controlled for unobserved differences between workers. Hence, the degree to which a low-wage job becomes a “stepping-stone” or a “dead-end” for a young worker, depends on the skill composition at the firm where this job is located, and the opportunities to establish social ties with higher educated co-workers.”

Education beneficial for all

The study highlights that education attainment should not be seen a private investment which brings benefits only to those who receive it. Rikard Eriksson, professor at CERUM and the Department of Geography, Umeå university, says that given that the knowledge spillovers at workplaces seem to benefit also the least advantaged groups of workers, education attainment should be regarded as a collective resource, and an important dimension of social policy.

“We argue that when governments plan active labour market policies (ALMP) such as on-the-job training in companies, they should pay attention which types of companies get funds for offering training – are these environments where participants of ALMP get chances to make contacts with someone from whom they can learn new things."

Learn more about the project: When and where is it possible for young workers to escape from low-wage jobs?

About the publication

Baranowska-Rataj, A., Elekes, Z., & Eriksson, R. (2022). Escaping from low-wage employment: The role of co-worker networks. Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rssm.2022.100747

Contact information

Anna Baranowska-Rataj, associate professor at the Department of Sociology and the Center for Demographic and Ageing Research at Umeå University
E-mail: anna.baranowska-rataj@umu.se
Phone: +46 90 786 79 47
https://www.umu.se/en/staff/an...

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Umeå University
Umeå University is one of Sweden’s largest institutions of higher education with over 36,000 students and 4,000 faculty and staff. The university is home to a wide range of high-quality education programmes and world-class research in a number of fields. Umeå University was also where the revolutionary gene-editing tool CRISPR-Cas9 was discovered that has been awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

At Umeå University, distances are short. The university's unified campus encourages academic meetings, an exchange of ideas and interdisciplinary co-operation, and promotes a dynamic and open culture in which students and staff rejoice in the success of others.

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Elin Andersson

Elin Andersson

Communication Officer Faculty of Social Sciences +46 90 786 9031

Umeå University

Umeå University is one of Sweden's largest universities with over 37,000 students and 4,300 employees. The university is home to a wide range of education programmes and world-class research in a number of fields. Umeå University was also where the gene-editing tool CRISPR-Cas9 was discovered – a revolution in gene-technology that was awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

Founded in 1965, Umeå University is characterised by tradition and stability as well as innovation and change. Education and research on a high international level contributes to new knowledge of global importance, inspired, among other things, by the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The university houses creative and innovative people that take on societal challenges. Through long-term collaboration with organisations, trade and industry, and other universities, Umeå University continues to develop northern Sweden as a knowledge region.

The international atmosphere at the university and its unified campus encourages academic meetings, an exchange of ideas and interdisciplinary co-operation. The cohesive environment enables a strong sense of community and a dynamic and open culture in which students and staff rejoice in the success of others.

Campus Umeå and Umeå Arts Campus are only a stone's throw away from Umeå town centre and are situated next to one of Sweden's largest and most well-renowned university hospitals. The university also has campuses in the neighbouring towns Skellefteå and Örnsköldsvik.

At Umeå University, you will also find the highly-ranked Umeå Institute of Design, the environmentally certified Umeå School of Business, Economics and Statistics and the only architectural school with an artistic orientation – Umeå School of Architecture. The university also hosts a contemporary art museum Bildmuseet and Umeå's science centre – Curiosum. Umeå University is one of Sweden's five national sports universities and hosts an internationally recognised Arctic Research Centre.